京津冀地区耕地利用转型时空分异及驱动机制   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付慧  刘艳军  孙宏日  周国磊 《地理科学进展》2020,39(12):1985-1998

耕地利用转型代表耕地利用形态的趋势性变化。论文以京津冀地区157个县域空间为基本研究单元,从显性形态与隐性形态双重属性出发构建耕地利用形态指标体系,运用冷热点、空间变差函数等方法分析1990—2015年耕地利用形态变化的时空特征,在此基础上,利用空间误差模型(spatial error model, SEM)对耕地利用转型的驱动机制进行了定量分析。结果表明：① 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分布呈东南高、西北低的格局,与该地区地形分布格局基本一致,且因坝上高原特色农业发展形成独立高值区。② 京津冀地区耕地利用形态指数空间分异呈现逐渐缩小的趋势,显著热点区与显著冷点区分布相对稳定且面积不断缩小,耕地利用转型较为平稳。显性形态值普遍呈现先升高后降低趋势,隐性形态值则呈升高趋势,表明京津冀耕地出现空间收缩、功能优化式转型。③ 高程是影响京津冀地区耕地利用形态空间特征的主要自然环境因素,二三产业占比、地均固定资产投资与城镇化率等经济发展和城镇建设因素则是驱动1990—2015年京津冀地区耕地转型的主导因素,但不同时段、不同县域单元耕地转型动力机制存在差异,各驱动因子作用强度也不完全一致。  相似文献   

长江三角洲全新世沉积物光释光测年研究          下载免费PDF全文

申江  常华进  曹广超  刘洪舟 《盐湖研究》2020,28(4):29-40

长江三角洲是研究古海岸沉积环境演化的理想区域。选取长江三角洲平原一支长岩芯钻孔上部55 m层位的沉积物进行光释光(optically stimulated luminescence,OSL)测年研究。根据沉积物粒度特性,在实验前处理过程中,提取100~200 μm或63~100 μm粗颗粒石英矿物进行OSL测年。测年样品的预热坪与剂量恢复实验表明选择180℃作为预热条件较为合适,石英OSL信号衰退曲线以快组分为主。条件实验结果、等效剂量分布以及各测片的循环比、热转移等方法学层面的实验结果表明,OSL测年技术对该孔的沉积物测年具有适应性和可靠性。通过年代—深度关系模型,建立该段地层中全新世以来的年龄框架。依据该孔的年代地层序列并结合前人工作,探讨全新世以来长江三角洲的沉积演化。  相似文献   

Attribution analysis for water yield service based on the geographical detector method: A case study of the Hengduan Mountain region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dai  Erfu  Wang  Yahui 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(6):1005-1020

Ecosystem services, which include water yield services, have been incorporated into decision processes of regional land use planning and sustainable development. Spatial pattern characteristics and identification of factors that influence water yield are the basis for decision making. However, there are limited studies on the driving mechanisms that affect the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services. In this study, we used the Hengduan Mountain region in southwest China, with obvious spatial heterogeneity, as the research site. The water yield module in the In VEST software was used to simulate the spatial distribution of water yield. Also, quantitative attribution analysis was conducted for various geomorphological and climatic zones in the Hengduan Mountain region by using the geographical detector method. Influencing factors, such as climate, topography, soil, vegetation type, and land use type and pattern, were taken into consideration for this analysis. Four key findings were obtained. First, water yield spatial heterogeneity is influenced most by climate-related factors, where precipitation and evapotranspiration are the dominant factors. Second, the relative importance of each impact factor to the water yield heterogeneity differs significantly by geomorphological and climatic zones. In flat areas, the influence of evapotranspiration is higher than that of precipitation. As relief increases, the importance of precipitation increases and eventually, it becomes the most influential factor. Evapotranspiration is the most influential factor in a plateau climate zone, while in the mid-subtropical zone, precipitation is the main controlling factor. Third, land use type is also an important driving force in flat areas. Thus, more attention should be paid to urbanization and land use planning, which involves land use changes, to mitigate the impact on water yield spatial pattern. The fourth finding was that a risk detector showed that Primarosol and Anthropogenic soil areas, shrub areas, and areas with slope 5° and 25°–35° should be recognized as water yield important zones, while the corresponding elevation values are different among different geomorphological and climatic zones. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity and influencing factors in different zones should be fully con-sidered while planning the maintenance and protection of water yield services in the Hengduan Mountain region.  相似文献   

Theory and measurement model of administrative region potential from a perspective of administrative division adjustment: Taking Chongqing city as a case study     

Wang  Kaiyong  Wang  Fuyuan 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(8):1341-1362

Journal of Geographical Sciences - There is a lack of basic theory and method to examine the effect of administrative division (AD) adjustment on the regional development. Based on the theory and...  相似文献   

长江口邻近海域夏季底栖纤毛虫的多样性与群落结构特点     

孟昭翠  徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(3):591-601

采用Ludox-QPS方法,研究了2011年8月采自长江口邻近海域9个站位沉积物中纤毛虫的群落结构及分布特点,并结合沉积环境进行综合分析。结果表明,表层8cm沉积物中底栖纤毛虫的平均丰度为(2782±1493)cells/10cm2,生物量为(10.06±6.41)μgC/10cm2。长江口海域北部站位的丰度和生物量呈从近岸向外海增加,南部的站位呈现相反的分布趋势。在垂直分布上, 62%的底栖纤毛虫分布在表层2cm, 12%分布在5—8 cm。本研究共检获纤毛虫106种,隶属于15纲/亚纲, 24目, 69属,前口纲在丰度及生物量上均为最优势类群(丰度占45.5%,生物量占56.4%),核残迹纲在生物量上居第二位。就食性来看,肉食性纤毛虫物种数最多(44种),其丰度和生物量所占比例也最高(40.3%,66.8%),但在长江口外站位(M1站),菌食性纤毛虫为最优势摄食类群。分析表明,研究海域底栖纤毛虫群落结构与底层水盐度最相关。聚类分析结果显示,由于较多量的伪钟虫属(Pseudovorticella)和原领毛虫属(Prototrachelocerca)种类出现导致长江口北部L1站的纤毛虫群落结构不同于其他站位。本研究所获底栖纤毛虫的丰度和生物量较东海离岸海域已有研究结果均高,表层8cm沉积物中纤毛虫的丰度约是上层30m水柱中浮游纤毛虫的116倍,生物量约是后者的150倍。基于目前黄东海有关底栖纤毛虫物种多样性的已有报道,其多样性在长江口离岸海域高于近岸潮间带,且在离岸海域东海低于黄海。  相似文献   

基于MODIS资料的2000-2004年江河源区陆地植被净初级生产力分析   总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16  

郭晓寅  何勇  沈永平  冯丁 《冰川冻土》2006,28(4):512-518

基于EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料的分析表明,2000-2004年江河源地区陆地植被平均年NPP为82.04 gC.m-2,相当于同期全国陆地植被年NPP的23%,其中2001年的年NPP最小,只有78.04gC.m-2,2002年最大,为85.44 gC.m-2.根据年NPP分布显示,黄河源区的植被生长状况要好于长江源区,其中在黄河源东南部陆地植被的年NPP>250 gC.m-2,为江河源区植被年生长最大的区域;该地区的植被年NPP最小值的区域分布在长江源的西北部地区,年NPP大部分<50 gC.m-2.江河源地区植被的年NPP表现为显著的年际变化特征,不同地区年NPP的变化特征各不相同;高寒草甸的年NPP为该地区所有陆地植被年NPP中最大,其5 a平均值为89.38 gC.m-2,其次为高寒草原和灌木及草本植被;由于地处高寒地区,温度成为影响该地区陆地植被净初级生产力的主要因素.  相似文献   

Comparison of different land-surface perturbation methods in short-range ensemble forecasts          下载免费PDF全文

Zhibo Gao  Jiangshan Zhu  Yan Guo  Xiaodong Yan  Xiujuan Wang  Huoqing Li  Shuwen Li 《大气和海洋科学快报》2021,14(3):60-65

为了比较不同陆面扰动方法对短时集合预报的影响,本研究设计了陆面模式扰动实验(LSMPE),初始土壤湿度扰动实验(ISMPE),陆面-大气耦合系数扰动实验(LCCPE)以及大气扰动对照实验(GEFSPE).结果表明,在三组陆面扰动实验中,LSMPE能代表最大的不确定性且误差最小;ISMPE的离散度要比LCCPE稍大,但是耦合系数的减弱能有效降低区域平均降水量.然而,所有陆面扰动实验产生的离散度均小于GEFSPE,这表明未来有必要将陆而扰动与大气扰动相结合,以使得模式能代表更多的不确定性.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率特性研究     

张小林  许梦婕 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(2):252-256

利用OMI卫星资料2006—2017年的483.5 nm波长的气溶胶柱单次散射反照率日均数据,分析了整层大气气溶胶单次散射反照率在长三角地区的时空分布特征,特别是其年际、月、季节变化特征.长江三角洲地区的大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率越靠近海洋越大,而越靠近内陆越小.日均气溶胶柱单次散射反照率在0.881~0.971范围内变化,多年的平均值为0.939±0.024,最大分布概率出现在0.965~0.970区间,其值约为25％.长三角地区大气气溶胶柱单次散射反照率的年平均值集中于0.938~0.940之间,年际变化很小,变化值小于1％;月均柱单次散射反照率在6、8、9月有最大值,其值为0.968,而在2月有最小值,其值为0.915;季节平均单次散射反照率在夏季最大,其值为0.968,而在冬季最小,其值为0.919.  相似文献   

两次昆明准静止锋的对比分析     

李锐  孟庆怡  张梦  蒙仕红 《中低纬山地气象》2022,46(5):10-15

利用EAR5再分析气象数据,分析了两次昆明准静止锋天气过程的高低空环流形势、锋面结构、锋面位置、以及相关要素场等基本特征及其异同。结果表明：中高纬度地区阻塞形势的存在是昆明准静止锋形成的背景环流。当冷暖气团均强且势均力敌时,更有利于锋面的维持;冷空气较强时,锋面会向西移动,越过云贵高原地形的阻挡;反之,锋面则会向东移动。当锋面维持在高原地形东侧时,冷空气被地形阻挡时,锋面的移动缓慢,此时锋区最为明显。当锋面维持在地形东侧时,风场的最大水平切变、温度的最大水平梯度和相当位温的密集区,描述的锋面位置几乎相同。两次过程寒潮爆发时冷空气均只能维持到700hPa附近,且水平风场也均为600hPa以下的低空切变,说明昆明准静止锋为浅薄系统。昆明准静止锋与一般冷锋锋后不同,两次个例昆明准静止锋锋后低空为湿区,而锋前水汽是否充足则要看南支槽所处的位置。  相似文献   

Characteristics of karst groundwater system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area          下载免费PDF全文

LI Bo  LI Xue-mei 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(4):261-269

Guided by the theory of groundwater system, based on the groundwater level data from the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area, the authors took into account factors such as the lithology, geological structure and topography to study the relationship between groundwater recharge, runoff and drainage in this area. It was concluded that the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation is the main source of groundwater supply in this area; the upper layer of the Spring area is distributed with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician karst water, and the lower layer is filled with the Jixian system karst water. The upper layer of karst water supplies to the lower layer of karst water or the pore water in loose strata through the fault while the lower layer of karst water runs to the three strong runoff belts from the east and west sides of the watershed, southwards into the basin, partially replenishing the pore water in loose strata, or forming fault Springs (e.g. Nanguan Spring, Beihai Spring) when dolomite movement encounters faults. Replenished by atmospheric precipitation and the upper and lower layers of karst waters, the pore water in loose strata joins the groundwater in the southern basin and then flows eastwards, in the end it flows out of the system in Shangfanpu. Through the analyses of groundwater level data and hydrogeological drilling data, based on groundwater D and 18O isotope test results, the karst groundwater circulation system in the northern basin of Laiyuan Spring area is further verified, which provides hydrogeological basis for water resources development and utilization as well as protection in this area.  相似文献